pg. 528

1. Plebiscite- a way of voting used to submit constitution of a new government
Nationalism- nationality is more important than religion
Scorched-earth Policy- burning or destroying crops of the enemy

2. Napoleonic Code- napoleon directed this system of law during his rule
Concordat- the pope and napoleon agreed that most fench people were catholic although they sytill had freedom of religion.
Horatio Nelson- saved britain from being invaded after combining french and spaish ships but was defeated
Duke of Wellington- lead the british army that defeated napoleon.

RIGHTS OF MAN

1. All men are free and equal, distinction can be found only in the general good of the people.
 2. All political heads must work for the liberty of the people, their property, and their security and to resist oppression.
 3. Nobody can do anything unless it’s for the nation. 
4. You have the liberty to do whatever you want as long as no one else is getting hurt. 
5. The law can only stop it if it is hurtful to society. It cannot be stopped if it’s not prohibited by the law and no one can be forced to do anything unless the law says they must. 
6. All citizens have the right to be involved in the law. All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law. 
7. You cannot be proven guilty without a proper trial. If you try to resist arrest you are subject to prosecution.  
8. The law shall only punish the guilty, punishments must be absolutely necessary. 
9. All people are innocent until proven guilty. No harsh punishments. 
10. Everyone has the right to believe what they want to believe.
11. You have the right to free speech including the right to write or print anything you want but the power must not be abused. 
12. Everyone has the right to military protection but cannot be used to for personal gain. 
13.  All people must pay the same amount of taxes. 
14. The citizens have a right to decide the right amount of contributions and how long the taxes can last. 
15. Society has the right to make every public agent have an account for his administration. 
16. A society without laws or separation of powers has not constitution. 

17. No one can take away your property without it being a legal reason and without notifying you first.

pg 489

#1. habeas corpus: it means in Latin “you shall have the body” and meant that individuals was protected against unfair arrest and imprisonment, that individuals had to have a trial.
cabinet: the 1st cabinets were the Whigs and Tories, the Whigs were for Americans and the Tories for the British. the cabinet also belonged top the majority part of parliament.
prime minister: is the head of government in great Britain
limited constitutional monarchy: was when they still had monarchs but they had to consult parliament before doing anything.

#2. restoration:the monarchy was reestablished after the commonwealth.
Tories: a part of the cabinet that was in favor of the British and the Anglican church.
Whigs:other part of the cabinet in favor of the Americans, they wanted a strong parliament.
James II: Charles II catholic brother who took the throne. he believed that absolute royal rule antagonized both the Whigs and the Tories, and he kept trying to help the catholics which frightened protestants .
William III: was at first William of orange a famous soldier who had defeated the french.  he was head of a dutch army in 1688, then James left into exile and he became the joint ruler of England along with  Mary II.
Mary II: joint ruler of England along with William III.
Glorious Revolution:the bloodless transfer of power in the English monarchy that happened because the people did NOT like James III and neither did parliament.
Thomas Hobbes:believed the idea that all men are equal so because all men are equal all men will always fight without an absolute monarch to forcefully stop them from fighting, and that whoever the people choose to be the monarch they had to listen to whatever they said.
john Locke:believed that all men were equal too but his solution was different he believed that we need a constitutional monarch to protect the life liberty and property of the people and if the monarch did anything to violate any of those then the people should be able to kick him out and replace him.
English bill of rights:similar to the bill of rights, explains the god given rights of all the people.
toleration act: granted some religious freedoms to dissenter, protestants who were not members of the Anglican church. It although did NOT protect roman catholics or Jews. It also barred dissenters for holding public office.

#4.
a.they differ in the views of the English monarchy because although the Tories supported the Anglican church but they were willing to accept a roman catholic king. unlike the Tories the Whigs did NOT want a roman catholic king and wanted a strong Parliament.
b.with Charles II religion played a role because him and his wife had no children and it would seem as if when he died his younger brother James a roman catholic would become king. with James II religion played a role because he kept trying to help the catholics more which angered the protestants. because of this parliament decided to get rid of James and put William of orange, this started the  glorious revolution.
c.the social contract of Hobbes and Locke was giving one leader power to rule over everyone else. they disagreed on whether it should be a constitutional monarch or a absolute. Hobbes thought that absolute monarch should rule while Locke wanted a constitutional monarch instead.

john locke

john Locke was the first Englishman. his philosophies can be found in his book essay concerning human understandings. he asked questions like where do we get our ideas from and can we really rely on what our senses say?? his idea was that only things that we precieve are simple.  if we want to precieve anyhing complex our minds would have to be empty at first.  locke said that it was inherent in humans to know that god exist.  he also advocated “division of powers” john locke also belived that all men are equal and that if all men are equal that we must have one person being in charge to protect the liberty, lives and the property of the people and if he violated such things then they can be removed from power. he belived in a contitutional monarchy pretty much.

test stuffs

Robert Boyle
Rene Descartes
Baruch Spinoza
Martin Luther
Galileo Galelei
Nicolaus Coprenicus
Isaac Newton
John Locke
Andreas Vesalius
Anne Boleyn
Francis Bacon
India
Netherlands
Spain
Italy
France
Americas
Africa
Portugol
Silk road
Spanish Armada
Treaty of Tordesillas
Humanism
Individualism
Idealism
Materialism
Mercantilism
Renaissance(noth, early..ect.)
Imperialism

Descartes&Spinoza

Descartes and Spinoza were both philosophers who had some very different ideas. For example, Descartes believed that everything that was reality was only either thought or extension and that they both come from god. He always focused on the relationship between spirit and matter. He also would not believe something that he could not prove. Spinoza, on the other hand, didn’t believe in that, he believed that everything comes from only nature or god. He thought that god was both substance and extension, and that we have no free will that we live by the laws of nature.

sophie’s world

baroque: the 17th centuary, rich art.

idealism: things exist in spirit in nature.

materialism: things that are real and concrete.

 Mechanistic World View: natural change can be calculated using math

Determinism: evrything is predetermined.

powerpwoint due 11.27.07

muslims and stuff

slide…..XD….

indo-european and semetic

There were many differences between the indo European and the ancient Semitic culture. For one their religions were very different from each other. For example, the Semitic culture believed in Judaism while the indo-European culture believed in Buddhism. The difference there is not only what their beliefs are but for example the Semitic culture is more polytheistic while the indo-European was more monotheistic.